
A number of universities and university colleges are self-governing and independent. They operate on the basis of an agreement with the Government and are obliged to follow the statutes, ordinances and regulations relevant to the higher education sector. In addition, there are a small number of independent organisations with degree awarding powers in Psychotherapy.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, specialised institutions were founded, for example, for teacher training, social work and journalism. Between 1940 and 1975 there was a focus on research, and new research organisations and research posts were established. In the latter part of the twentieth century, there was a major expansion of higher education and the student population grew enormously. Regional higher education institutions were founded throughout Sweden to enable access to higher education for everyone.